Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-23-2020
Publication Source
Mental Health, Religion & Culture
Volume Number
24
Issue Number
3
First Page
316
Last Page
332
Publisher
Routledge
ISSN
1367-4676
E-ISSN
1469-9737
Abstract
This study validated previous principal component analyses of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) that have been conducted with persons with diverse medical conditions and traumatic brain injuries from diverse cultures (India, US), ethnicities (African American, Caucasian, South Asian), and religions (Christian, Hindu, Muslim). Participants included 398 healthy undergraduate students who completed the BMMRS online. A principal components factor analysis identified a five factor solution accounting for 64.00% of the variance in scores, labelled as: (1) Positive Spiritual Experience; (2) Negative Spiritual Experience/Congregational Support; (3) Forgiveness; (4) Religious Practices; and (5) Positive Congregational Support. The current analysis is supportive of a conceptual framework in which the BMMRS spiritual and religious variables are best conceptualised in terms of positive/negative psychological processes including: (a) emotional connection with the divine (i.e., spirituality); (b) behavioural rituals/beliefs (i.e., religiosity); and (c) social support (i.e., congregationally based). Implications for psychoneuroimmunological research are discussed.
Keywords
Spirituality, Religion, Factor analysis, BMMRS
Recommended Citation
Brick Johnstone, Patricia Bruininks, Erin I. Smith, Dong Pil Yoon, Daniel Cohen, Laird Edman, Joseph Bankard & Charlotte Witvliet (2021) Conceptualising spirituality and religion as psychological processes: validation of the factor structure of the BMMRS, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24:3, 316-332, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2020.1793311
Comments
CC BY-NC-ND Statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Mental Health, Religion & Culture. Brick Johnstone, Patricia Bruininks, Erin I. Smith, Dong Pil Yoon, Daniel Cohen, Laird Edman, Joseph Bankard & Charlotte Witvliet (2021) Conceptualising spirituality and religion as psychological processes: validation of the factor structure of the BMMRS, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24:3, 316-332, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2020.1793311.
It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.