Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2020
Publication Source
Neurochemistry International
Volume Number
134
First Page
104648
Publisher
Elsevier
ISSN
0197-0186
Abstract
System xc− exchanges extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate across the plasma membrane of many cell types. One of the physiological roles of System xc− is to provide cystine for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Here we report that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers the translocation of System xc− to the plasma membrane within 10 min of the initial exposure. Specifically, we observed a three-fold increase in 35S-L-cystine uptake following a 10 min exposure to 0.3 mM H2O2. This effect was dose-dependent with an EC50 for H2O2 of 65 μM. We then used cell surface biotinylation analysis to test the hypothesis that the increase in activity is due to an increased number of transporters on the plasma membrane. We demonstrated that the amount of transporter protein, xCT, localized to the plasma membrane doubles within 10 min of H2O2 exposure as a result of an increase in its delivery rate and a reduction in its internalization rate. In addition, we demonstrated that H2O2 triggered a rapid decrease in total cellular glutathione which recovered within 2 h of the oxidative insult. The kinetics of glutathione recovery matched the time course for the recovery of xCT cell surface expression and System xc− activity following removal of the oxidative insult. Collectively, these results suggest that oxidants acutely modulate the activity of System xc− by increasing its cell surface expression, and that this process may serve as an important mechanism to increase de novo glutathione synthesis during periods of oxidative stress.
Keywords
Cystine/glutamate exchanger, Neurotransmitter transporter, Membrane trafficking, Oxidative stress, Glutathione, Ischemia
Recommended Citation
Repository citation: Chase, Leah A.; VerHeulen Kleyn, Mary; Schiller, NaTasha; Goltz King, Abby; Flores, Guillermo; Balcazar Engelsman, Sasha; Bowles, Christina; Lang Smith, Sara; Robinson, Anne E.; and Rothstein, Jeffrey, "Hydrogen Peroxide Triggers an Increase in Cell Surface Expression of System xc− in Cultured Human Glioma Cells" (2020). Faculty Publications. Paper 1487.
https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/faculty_publications/1487
Published in: Neurochemistry International, Volume 134, March 1, 2020, pages 104648-. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier.
Comments
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
Leah A. Chase, Mary VerHeulen Kleyn, NaTasha Schiller, Abby Goltz King, Guillermo Flores, Sasha Balcazar Engelsman, Christina Bowles, Sara Lang Smith, Anne E. Robinson, Jeffrey Rothstein, Hydrogen peroxide triggers an increase in cell surface expression of system xc− in cultured human glioma cells, Neurochemistry International, Volume 134, 2020, 104648, ISSN 0197-0186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104648